Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Levofloxacin-Catalase-PLGA Nanoparticles Potentiate Sonodynamic Therapy to Alleviate BCG-Induced Tuberculous Granulomas via PI3K/Akt/VEGF Pathway Suppression in Rats

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S628763

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synergistic effects of US + LEV@CAT-NPs on macrophage polarization, apoptosis induction, and intracellular BCG clearance in 3D tuberculous spheroids.( A ) mRNA expression levels of M1 marker ( iNOS, CD86 ) and M2 marker ( Arg-1, CD206 ) determined by qRT-PCR (n = 3). ( B ) The secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) in the culture supernatant measured by ELISA. ( C and D ) Analysis of apoptosis-related factors. ( C ) Protein expression levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 assessed by Western blot, with the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio quantified. ( D ) mRNA expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 detected by qRT-PCR (n = 3). ( E ) Photographs of BCG growth within 3D tuberculous spheroids on 7H10 agar plates (left) and quantification of colony counts (right) (n = 3). ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against PI3K (CST, USA, 1:1000), p-PI3K (CST, USA, 1:1000), Akt (CST, USA, 1:1000), p-Akt (CST, USA, 1:1000), HIF-1α (Abcam, UK, 1:1000), VEGF (Proteintech, China, 1:1000), Bax (Proteintech, China, 1:1000), and Bcl-2 (Proteintech, China, 1:1500).

Techniques: Spheroids, Expressing, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Analysis, Western Blot

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: A Preliminary in-vitro Evaluation of Serum Capped Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles on Liver Cancer towards Development of Safe Personalized Nanomedicine

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S583827

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathological examination stained with H&E and Immunohistochemical staining for Caspase-3, Bax, and BCL2 in liver tissues sections. ( A ) Normal mice; ( B ) Hepatocellular carcinoma, grade 2: disturbed architecture; massive centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis associated with haemorrhage and mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration; dilated of hepatic radicles and bile canaliculi (H&E 200×); ( C ) Mice treated with Cisplatin showing normal hepatocytes; ( D ) Mice treated with AgNPs show preserved lobular architecture; ( E ) Mice treated with AgNPs+ Cisplatin shows restoration of the normal lobular architecture; ( F ) Normal control group showing few numbers of positive hepatocytes for caspase-3; ( G ) HCC group also showing few numbers of positive hepatocytes for caspase-3; ( H ) Mice treated with Cisplatin and ( I ) Mice treated with AgNPs, showing brownish cytoplasmic stain; ( J ) Mice treated with AgNPs+ Cisplatin showing many positive hepatocytes with moderate density for caspase-3; ( K ) Normal control group showing few numbers of positive hepatocytes for Bax; ( L ) HCC group also showing few numbers of positive hepatocytes for BAX; ( M ) Mice treated with Cisplatin showing mild density for BAX; ( N ) Mice treated with AgNPs; ( O ) Mice treated with AgNPs+ Cisplatin showing many positive hepatocytes with moderate density for BAX; ( P ) Normal mice showing few numbers of positive hepatocytes for BCL2; ( Q ) HCC group showing many positive hepatocytes with moderate density for BCL2; ( R ) Mice treated with Cisplatin showing mild density for BCL2; ( S ) Mice treated with AgNPs showing mild density for BCL2; ( T ) Mice treated with AgNPs+ Cisplatin showing few numbers of positive hepatocytes for BCL2.

Article Snippet: Caspase 3, BAX, and BCL2 antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies.

Techniques: Histopathological Analysis, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Control